Hemşirelik Bölümü / Department of Nursing

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COVID-19 Fear, Vaccination Hesitancy, and Vaccination Status in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Turkey
(Afr J Reprod Health, 2023) MİRAL, MUKADDES TURAN; Turgut, Nurgül; Güldür, Ayşe; Güloğlu, Zübeyde E.; Mamuk, Rojjin
This study aimed to determine the level of COVID-19 fear, vaccination, and vaccination hesitancy as well as the affecting factors in pregnant and breastfeeding women who participated in an online prenatal education in Turkey. The study, which was designed as descriptive cross-sectional, was conducted online with 360 pregnant and breastfeeding women from Istanbul. Data were collected through the Participant Information Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics. The rate of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine is 65.6%. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was 16.215.54, and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics mean score was 29.294.54. The COVID-19 fear of the women participating in this study was moderate, the level of vaccination hesitancy was low, and two-thirds of them were vaccinated. There is a need to organize special counseling and vaccination campaigns for pregnant and lactating women.
Open Access
Nurses' COVID-19 Fears and Patient Safety Attitudes in the Pandemic
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023) Efil, Sevda; TÜREN, SEVDA; Demir, Elif
Introduction and aim. The fear experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic may threaten patient safety. This study was conducted with the aim of examining nurses' COVID-19 fears and attitudes to patient safety in the pandemic. Material and methods. The research had a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 245 nurses working at a teaching and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey's most populous province. Research data were collected in June-July 2021. A Nurse Characteristics Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data evaluation was performed using descriptive statistics, Student t test, one-way variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The nurses' mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 16.67±6.88, and their mean score for patient safety attitude was 141.70±27.78. Their COVID-19 fear levels and mean patient safety attitude scores were found to differ according to their intention to leave the job, their education on COVID-19 and their age. Conclusion. Nurses' experiencing of physical, social and psychological problems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic should be followed up in the long term.
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Pandemic Awareness and Caring Behaviors of Nurses Working in Intensive Care Unit – A Multicenter Study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023) Demir, Burcu Dedeoğlu; TÜREN, SEVDA; Doğan, Derya Akça
Introduction and aim. In the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a global threat, the awareness levels of intensive care nurses who meet all the care needs of patients can affect the quality of care. In this study, pandemic awareness and care behaviors of nurses who undertook the patient’s care needs in intensive care units were examined. Material and methods. The research was carried out with 317 nurses working critical care units of 12 hospitals in different provinces. “Nurse Characteristics Form”, “Pandemic Awareness Scale” and “Caring Behaviors Inventory-24” were used as data collection tools. Data were collected between March and August 2022 in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic process using an online survey. Results. It was determined that 75.4% of the participants were female and the mean age was 25.56±4.49. Pandemic awareness scale score was 3.04±0.62 (0.11-3.67) and caring behaviors inventory score was 5.48±0.84 (1.00-6.00). A significant, positive, weak relationship was found between nurses’ pandemic awareness and all sub-dimensions of caring behaviors (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion. It was seen that the caring behaviors of nurses with high pandemic awareness were also positively affected. Although it was the first time they had experienced the pandemic, nurses were found to have good caring behaviors.
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Febrile Convulsion Knowledge Scale for Parents/Caregivers: A Validity and Reliability Study
(W.B. Saunders, 2023) TOKSÖZ, FATMA; Açıkgöz, Ayfer; Mutlu, Fezan Şahin; Sayık, Dilek
Background The primary worry of parents/caregivers in relation to fever is the potential for their child to experience a seizure as a result. The literature suggests that parents/caregivers need to be informed about febrile convulsion. Thus, this study sought to develop the ‘Febrile Convulsion Knowledge Scale for Parents/Caregivers’. Design and methods It is a methodological study comprising 984 parents/caregivers who were accessible online between 07/04/2021 and 30/06/2022. After creating the scale item pool's construction, expert opinions were sought to evaluate the scale, and a content validity analysis was conducted. Subsequent analysis included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's Alpha, and a test-retest reliability assessment of the scale data. Results The scale was found to consist of 8 items and 3 factors according to the factor analyses. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale explained 72.783% of the variance. The scale's reliability analysis produced a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.679, indicating good internal consistency, and it was consistent with test-retest measures (t = −0.660, p = 0.514). Conclusions It has been determined that the scale is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the knowledge of parents/caregivers regarding febrile convulsions. Practice implications It is advisable for pediatric nurses to routinely use the devised scale with families of children who are vulnerable to febrile convulsion and impart instruction based on the findings derived from the scale.
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An Investigation of the Relationship Between the General Vaccination Attitudes of Pregnant Women and Their Attitudes Toward the COVID-19 Vaccine
(Routledge, 2023) Mamuk, Rojjin; Akgün, Meryem; MİRAL, MUKADDES TURAN; Göksu, Şerife
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the attitudes of pregnant women toward general vaccines based on the Health Belief Model and their attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. The study, which was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study, was conducted with 348 pregnant women in three public hospitals in Northern Cyprus between June 24 and November 28, 2022. Data were collected using the “Participant Information Form,” “Public Attitude Toward Vaccination Scale-Health Belief Model” (PAVS-HBM), and “Attitudes Toward the COVID-19 Vaccine” (ATV-COVID-19). The COVID-19 vaccination rate among pregnant women was quite high. Pregnant women have a high perception of sensitivity, importance, benefit, and health responsibility for routine vaccines and vaccination programs based on the HBM, and a low perception of barriers to vaccination. These results showed that pregnant women have a determined and positive attitude toward the acceptance of vaccines in general. On the other hand, the attitude of pregnant women toward the COVID-19 vaccine was moderately negative. Despite the reservations about the COVID-19 vaccine, a determined and positive attitude toward vaccines in general has increased acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Relationship Between Intensive Care Nurses' Attitudes and Behaviors Toward End-of-Life Care and Ethical Attitudes
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Efil, Sevda; TÜREN, SEVDA; Demir, Gül
Background: Nurses are in a central position to improve care for dying patients and their families by challenging current end-of-life practices in their settings. Nurses who care for such patients experience the associated ethical dilemmas. However, the relation between their attitude and behavior regarding end-of-life care and their ethical attitudes is not known. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the attitudes and behaviors of intensive care unit nurses to end-of-life care and their ethical attitudes in the care process. Methods: The research was conducted in Antalya, one of the most populous provinces in Turkey, with 287 intensive care nurses working in 4 different hospitals. The research data were collected between June 30 and August 30, 2021. Self-report data were collected using a Nurses' Description Form, the Attitudes and Behaviors of ICU Nurses to End-of-Life Care Scale, and the Ethical Attitude Scale for Nursing Care. Results: The mean score of the intensive care nurses for attitude and behaviors to end-of-life care was 62.36 ± 13.22, and their mean score for ethical attitude for nursing care was 149.76 ± 24.98. Conclusion: It was found that intensive care nurses' attitudes and behaviors to end-of-life care had a positive correlation on their ethical attitudes in the care process (P < .001). Discussion: It would be of interest to understand how these attitudes impact clinical decision-making for the ultimate understanding of whether nurses' attitudes can be a barrier to the delivery of quality end-of-life care.
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Gender Differences in Early Complications After STEMI and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression
(Verduci Publisher, 2023) Türen, S.; TÜREN, SEVDA
OBJECTIVE: The female gender is known to be associated with a poor outcome in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Anxiety and depression are more common in women and they may contribute to the increase in early complications after STEMI. We sought to determine the gender differences in early complications after STEMI and their relationship with patients’ anxiety and depression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is used to screen depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). RESULTS: A total of 188 patients (age 56.8±10.5, 69.2% male) with STEMI were included in this study. The incidence of early complications was significantly higher in women than in men (50.0% vs. 14.6%, p<0.001). The prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in women than in men (60.3% vs. 40.0% and 50.0% vs. 14.6%, respectively). In multivariable analyses, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) level (OR: 0.942; 0.891-0.996, p=0.036), HADS-A (OR: 1.593; 1.341-1.891, p<0.001) and HADS-D (OR: 1.254; 1.057-1.488, p=0.01) scores were found to be independent risk factors for early complications after STEMI. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of early complications and the prevalence of anxiety and depression were significantly higher in women. LVEF level, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores were found to be independent risk factors for early complications.
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The Relationship Between Fear of Hypoglycemia and Health-Related Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients With Heart Disease
(Verduci Publisher, 2023) TÜREN, SEVDA; Yılmazer, R. G.
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) frequently experience hypoglycemia, which has significant implications for the possibility of cardiovascular complications. The relationship between fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic heart patients was investigated in this study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive study, and 260 diabetic inpatients with heart disease were enrolled. The "Data Gathering Form", the "Hypoglycemia Fear Survey" (HFS), and the "Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)" were used to collect research data. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 63.46 +/- 11.73 (min 21-max 90) years, and 76.2% of them had type 2 DM. The mean FoH total score of the patients was 70.87 +/- 8.03 (min 45-max 113). The mean FoH behavior sub-dimension score was 35.41 +/- 4.07 (min 20-max 57), and the mean worry sub-dimension score was 35.55 +/- 5.26 (min 20-max 61). The mean total FoH score was found to be significantly higher in patients of 65 years of age and older, not working, with diabetes duration over 10 years, with HbA1c <7%, and with microvascular complications (p<0.05). Of the sub-dimensions of SF-36, "mental health" had the lowest mean score. There was a significant but very weak negative correlation between the other sub-dimensions of SF-36, "physical functioning", "role physical", "role emotional" and "vitality", with the FoH total score. CONCLUSIONS: FoH and HRQoL in diabetic patients with heart disease were found to be negatively correlated in this study. Prevention of hypoglycemia will improve patients' HRQoL by reducing their anxiety and fears.
Open Access
Cerrahi Girişim Uygulanan Hastalarda Ağrı ve Konfor İlişkisi
(Oğuz KARABAY, 2022) Tosun, Hale; Özkaya, Birgül Ödül; Uz, Ferişte; GÜL, ASİYE
Amaç: Çalışma cerrahi girişim uygulanan hastalarda ağrı ve konfor ilişkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde cerrahi girişim uygulanan hastalar araştırma evrenini oluşturdu. Tanımlayıcı olan çalışmada örnekleme cerrahi girişim uygulanmış ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 132 hasta alındı. Veriler hasta tanım formu, Sayısal Derecelendirme Ölçeği ve Genel Konfor Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi. Bulgular: Örnekleme alınan hastaların yaş ortalamaları 42,64±17,27, %53’ü erkek, %58,3’ü evlidir. Katılımcıların %72’sinin herhangi bir kronik hastalığı bulunmamaktadır. Daha önce cerrahi bir girişim uygulananların oranı %16,7’dir. Çalışmada en fazla uygulanan cerrahi işlemin laparoskopik kolesistektomi (%19,7) ve laparoskopik apendektomi (%16,7) olduğu belirlendi. Genel anestezi %80,3’üne uygulandı. Hastaların ağrı puan ortalaması 3,68±1,37, Genel Konfor Ölçeği toplam puanı 136,46±11,20 olarak belirlendi. Ameliyat sonrası hastaların %59,1’inin orta derecede ağrısı bulunmaktaydı. Ağrı ile Genel Konfor Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması arasında negatif yönlü çok zayıf bir ilişki belirlendi (r=-0,175; p=0,045). Sonuç: Ameliyat sonrası ağrı rahatsızlık yaratan bir durumdur. Ağrı ve konfor düzeyinin belirlenmesi, bakımın kalitesini ve hasta memnuniyetini arttırmak için önemlidir.
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Translation and Validation of the ELPO for Turkish Population: Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Pressure Injuries Due to Surgical Positioning
(Elsevier, 2022) Şengül, Tuğba; GÜL, ASİYE; Yılmaz, Dilek; Gökduman, Tuğba
Aim of the study: This study was conducted to translate the ELPO risk assessment scale for the development of pressure injuries due to surgical positioning to Turkish and to test its validity and reliability in the Turkish Population. Materials and methods: The data were collected using the patient identification form, the risk assessment scale for the prevention of injuries due to surgical positioning, and the Braden Scale. This scale consisted of a total of seven items, each of which contained five sub-items. It is rated between 1 and 5 in the Likert type. The total score of the scale ranges between 7 and 35. The risk of developing pressure injuries increases in patients as the score increases. Results: A total of 184 patients were included in the study sample. The mean age of the group was 55.96 ± 17.90, and the content validity index was 0.944. The sensitivity of the test was 60%, the specificity was 66%, and the accuracy was 66%. There was a negative, weak, statistically significant correlation between the total scores of the risk assessment scale for the prevention of injuries due to surgical positioning and the Braden scale. The mean total score of the scale was 18.45 ± 2.96 (12-26) and 35.9% (n = 66) of the group were at high risk. Conclusions: The ELPO, which includes the risks specific to patients during surgery, can be used as an assessment scale for the development of pressure injury due to surgical positioning for Turkish population.
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The Determination of Patient Learning Needs After Day Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Elsevier, 2022) Üstündağ, Hülya; GÜL, ASİYE; Özkaya, Birgül
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the care perception and learning needs of patients undergoing day surgery. Design: A descriptive and cross-sectional model was used. Methods: The study was conducted with 234 patients who underwent day surgery in a general surgery clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics form, the Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing Scale (PPHEN) and the Patient Learning Needs Scale (PLNS). Findings: The PPHEN mean score was 67.99 ± 11.98 and the PLNS total score was 211.15 ± 38.49. The subscales showed that the highest scores were 38.47 ± 6.93 for activities of life, while the lowest score was 20.60 ± 4.23 for feelings related to condition. There was a statistically significant negative correlation in the PPHEN and PLNS subscales in terms of medications, activities of living, treatment, and complications. There was no statistically significant relationship between the demographic data of the patients (age, gender, and educational status). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients had high information needs and greater concerns, particularly about "activities of life." Nurses should be aware of the importance of identifying high learning needs to increase the level of satisfaction with nursing care in day surgery patients.
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Effect of the Head of Bed Elevation on Back Pain After Elective Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(W.B. Saunders, 2022) TÜREN, SEVDA; YILMAZ, RAHİME ATAKOĞLU; Yeşiltepe, Nezahat; Bektaş, İbrahim
Background: Patients are restricted to bed and required to lie flat after coronary angiography (CAG) due to potential risk of vascular complications. This often cause back pain. Aim: We aimed to investigate effect of the head of bed (HOB) elevation on back pain and vascular complications after elective CAG. Methods: Three hundred and seven consecutive patients who underwent elective CAG were randomized into three groups. One control (HOB: 0 degree-flat position) and two experimental (HOB: 15 and 30°) groups were compared. Back pain level was assessed by using visual analogue scale. Results: Mean age was 58.1 ± 10.7 and 59.9% (n = 184) of patients were male. Pain level at the 3rd hour and at the 6th hour was significantly higher in control group compared to experimental groups. In the post-hoc analysis, pain level was significantly higher in HOB 15 compared to 30°. In multivariate analysis, HOB elevation to 30° was the only independent predictor of the pain level at 3rd hour and 6th hour. Only one patient in the HOB 0 degree group had a minor bleeding at the access site. Conclusions: Elevation of the HOB to 30° was associated with decreased back pain level without increased risk of vascular complications. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Open Access
Pressure Injury in the Perioperative Period During COVID-19 Pandemic: Incidence and Patient-Related Risk Factors in a Hospital in Turkey
(Tissue Viability Society, 2022) Şengül, Tuğba; GÜL, ASİYE
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Arteriovenous Fistula Self-Care Behaviors in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment: Association With Health Literacy and Self-Care Agency
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2022) Bülbül, Elif; Ayvaz, Meryem Yıldız; Yeni, Tuğba; TÜREN, SEVDA; Efil, Sevda
Background: Arteriovenous fistula-related self-care behaviors, self-care agency and health literacy are important for vascular access patency, which is vital in the continuation of hemodialysis treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the arteriovenous fistula-related self-care behaviors of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment and the relationship between these behaviors and their health literacy and self-care agency levels. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the data were collected from 216 chronic hemodialysis patients. Results: The rate of the patients who had good self-care behaviors levels was 83.96%. The sociodemographic variables that were significantly related to AVF-related self-care behaviors were education, employment status and age. It was found that the patients who had had AVF for a longer time had better self-care behaviors regarding their management of symptoms and findings (p < 0.05). As the self-care agency of the patients (r = 0.612, p < 0.001) and their health literacy (r = 0.421, p < 0.001) increased, their AVF-related self-care behaviors also increased. Conclusion: Age, education status, health literacy and self-care agency were identified to affect AVF-related self-care behaviors.
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Burnout Levels and Care Behaviours in Intensive Care Nurses: A Cross-Sectional, Multicentre Study
(Elsevier Sci Ltd., 2022) Efil, Sevda; TÜREN, SEVDA; Ayvaz, Meryem Yıldız; Bülbül, Elif; Yeni, Tuğba
Objective: To examine the relation between burnout levels and caring behaviours in intensive care nurses in Turkey, and the affecting factors. Research methodology/design: The research was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional and multi-centred study. Setting: In this study, an online questionnaire was applied in April and May 2021, using Google Form. A total of 460 intensive vare nurses responded to the questionnaire. Main outcome measures: Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and care behaviours with the Caring Behaviours Inventory-24. Results: The nurses reported a high level of emotional exhaustion (73.9%) and depersonalization (52.2%), and a medium level of personal accomplishment (40%). The nurses' levels of perception of care quality were high (5.4 +/- 0.6). It was found that their highest score on the subdimensions was on knowledge and skills (5.6 +/- 0.5), and the lowest was on connectedness (5.2 +/- 0.7). There was a very weak, respectively weak correlation, between nurses' emotional exhaustion (r = -0.1), respectively depersonalization (r = -0.2), and poor care behaviours. There was a strong correlation between low personal accomplishment scores and poor care behaviours (r = 0.8). It was found that the mean scores of the nurses' exhaustion and care behaviours varied according to many descriptive characteristics, such as education, age, professional experience, the unit where they worked, communication difficulties, living conditions and whether they had chosen nursing willingly. Conclusions: It appears that the level of personal accomplishment, is the only subscale reflecting risk of burnout, that strongly correlates with care behaviour.
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"Sleep Quality and Depression Level in Nurses in COVID-19 Pandemic"
(Sage Publications Inc., 2022) Tosun, Ayşe; Tosun, Hale; Özkaya, Birgül Ödül; Erdoğan, Zeynep; GÜL, ASİYE
The COVID-19 spread rapidly all over the world and pandemic process has negatively affected nurses. Sleep disorders and depression are among these negative effects. Managers' awareness of problems experienced by nurses and taking precautions will increase employee and patient satisfaction and provide quality patient care. The study was conducted in descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design to explain nurses' sleep quality and depression levels and relationship between them during the COVID-19 pandemic with 142 nurses who completed Personel Information Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Index (BDI). Sleep quality of nurses (64.8%) was poor, 33.1% had depression, and high school education, having a chronic illness and PSQI score increased the risk of depression level of nurses. Results highlight COVID-19 pandemic affected nurses' sleep quality and depression levels. All managers should be pioneers in providing psychological support to nurses and preparing and implementing a program for prevention of insomnia and depression.
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Psychosocial Adaptation to Precocious Puberty: A Nursing Support Program
(Wiley, 2022) MİRAL, MUKADDES TURAN; Şahin, Nevin Hotun
Problem: This study aimed to determine the effects of a nursing support program (NSP) based on the Roy Adaptation Model on the psychosocial adaptation of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers. Methods: This study adopted a pre-post design. It included 26 girls diagnosed with precocious puberty and their mothers. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form; the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18; and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Participants were then enrolled in a NSP based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The same measures were administered at the end of the support program to the participants. Findings: It was determined that at the beginning of the program, approximately one-third of the mothers had depression, 15% anxiety, and approximately 20% experienced stress. Mothers' anxiety and stress levels and girls' anxiety/depression and total problem scores significantly decreased after the NSP. Conclusions: The NSP designed for this study positively affected the psychosocial problems of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers.
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Determination of Factors Affecting Time in Therapeutic Range in Patients on Warfarin Therapy
(Sage Publications Inc., 2023 (Early Access, 2022)) TÜREN, SEVDA; Türen, Selahattin
Background The effectiveness and safety of warfarin depend on maintaining an international normalized ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range. Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) is defined as the percentage of time a patient's INR is within the therapeutic range. Objective We sought to determine the factors affecting good TTR in patients on warfarin therapy. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a single tertiary care center. Good anticoagulation control was defined as TTR >= 65%. Results The study population consisted of 518 patients. The mean age was 57.6 +/- 12.3 (19-87) and 54.4% of the patients were female. 47.5% patients achieved good anticoagulation control (TTR >= 65%). The mean Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) score was significantly higher in patients with good TTR (23.5 +/- 1.9 vs. 22.8 +/- 2.1, p = .002). Only 40.2% of the patients received education on warfarin. In multivariable analyses, the duration of warfarin therapy >10 years (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.34-3.84, p = .002) and MARS score (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.35, p < .001) were found to be the independent predictors of the good anticoagulation control. Conclusion Duration of warfarin therapy >10 years and MARS score were the independent predictors of good anticoagulation control.
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Assessment of the Risk of Pressure Ulcer During the Perioperative Period: Adaptation of the Munro Scale to Turkish
(Elsevier Science Ltd., 2021) GÜL, ASİYE; Şengül, Tuba; Yavuz, Hafize Özge
Aim of the study: This study was conducted to adapt the Munro Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale (Munro Scale) to Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. Materials and methods: In the methodological study, the data were collected using the patient identification form, the Braden Scale, and the Munro Scale. A total of 188 patients were diagnosed for the risk of preoperative and intraoperative pressure ulcer, and then re-evaluated in the recovery room and in their bed. Results: The study group consisted of 81 (43.1%) males and 107 (56.9%) females with a mean age of 51.98 ± 16.87. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy test was 0.588 and the Bartlett's test was 430.471. The results of goodness of fit indices were not as expected value in the confirmatory factor analysis. In the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the factor loadings of the Munro Scale varied between 0.336 and 0.873 and explained 62% of the total variance. In the parallel-form method performed for the reliability of the scale, it was observed that there was a weak and negative correlation between the total scores of the Munro Scale and Braden Scales before the surgery and a negative and moderate correlation between the total scores after the surgery. The total Cronbach's alpha value was found to be 0.504. In the reliability analysis of the scale, interrater correlation coefficients were found to be 0.865-0.998.
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Survey on the Knowledge Level and Attitudes of University Students About Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination and Assessing Healthy Living Behaviors
(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Tosun, Hale; GÜL, ASİYE; Yazıcı, Saadet
Aim This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and attitude about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination and healthy lifestyle behaviors of female university students. Subject and methods Students completed a form containing socio-demographic data and questions about HPV infection and vaccination and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II (HLBS). For the analysis of the data, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, and one-way ANOVA test were used in independent groups. Results The mean age of the female students was 19.53 +/- 1.57. Of the students, 74.7% (n = 470) had no knowledge about cervical cancer, 80.6% (n = 507) had no knowledge about HPV, and 1.7% (n = 11) had had the HPV vaccination. "Not know" to all the statements about HPV infection and vaccination is high in general. The total score of the HLBS was 126.43 +/- 17.70. The mean scores of the HLBS subgroup were the highest in the aspects of spiritual development and interpersonal relations. The HLBS total scores of those who know about the HPV vaccine were higher than those who do not know and those who have insufficient knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination is important for young women. It is necessary to develop healthy lifestyle behaviors during university education.

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